TREATMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

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 HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT 
Hazardous waste treatment involves various processes to reduce the toxicity, volume, or concentration of hazardous substances to minimize their impact on human health and the environment.
 Different treatment method include: 
  • Physical method: The physical method involves the separation or removal of hazardous components from waste streams through the process of sedimentation or filtration. 
  •  Chemical treatment: Chemical processes to treat hazardous waste include some of the processes like neutralize, oxidize, reduce, or otherwise change the composition of hazardous waste.  
  • Biological method: Microorganisms break down organic hazardous wastes during aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Some of the methods are composting, aerobic and anaerobic decomposition, activated sludge, enzyme treatment, etc.  
  • Thermal method: High temperatures are used to destroy hazardous waste. Incineration, boiling, autoclaving, UV treatment, microwave use, etc. Are some of the processes to treat biodegradable waste. 
  •  Secure landfill: Some hazardous waste that can’t be treated is disposed of in specially designated secure landfills that have protective liners and monitoring systems to prevent contamination.  
  • Recycling and Recovery: Whenever possible components of hazardous waste are recovered and recycled. For example, solvents can be distilled and reused.
HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL 
Hazardous waste disposal is a critical process that involves the safe and legal discarding of waste materials that pose a significant risk to health and the environment. 
The hazardous waste, after treatment, can be ultimately disposed using the following methods: 
  •  Land farming: the treated waste can be used as a fertilizer or soil conditioner with the approval of concerned regulatory entities. 
  •  Deep well injection: a special kind of drilled well is prepared for such purposes. Brine (40% salt solution) is usually disposed in this manner. Precautions for water pollution need to be a concern. 
  •  Surface impediment: encapsulation, fixation, or containment of the waste. This method involves arresting or demobilizing the movement or migration of the waste by containing it in a hard core: clay soil, thermoplastics polymers, non-corrosive metallic containers (carbon-steel tanks), cement, lime, fire glass, rocks.
  •  Ocean dumping: was mostly practiced from 1945 to the 1970s. Despite the existing public protest, this method continues to be an alternative for waste generators.




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