BIOLOGICAL RHYTHM

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A behavior that occur in any organism after specific interval of time is known as Biological rhythm. eg; Wake and sleep cycle, Migration, Hibernation etc.
 
Biological clock  is self maintained physiological clock which regulate both external behavior and endogenous activity. It is an innate clock in our body which is so useful for biological rhythm.

Types of Biological Rhythm:
  1. Circadian Rhythm: These are the rhythm with a period of 24hours(about a day). eg;  Sleep and wake cycle, Migration of organism to the top of sea at night.
Types of  Circadian Rhythm
  • Diurnal Rhythm: Organisms are active at day time. eg; Human, be.
  • Nocturnal Rhythm: Organisms are active at night. eg; Bat, Owl.
  • Crepuscular Rhythm: Organisms are active during dawn and dusk hours. eg; Rats.
  • Vespertine Rhythm: Organisms are active at evening. eg; Mosquito.
  • Arhythmic: No regular daily pattern of organisms. 
2. Circannual Rhythm: It occurs over a period of approximately an annum. eg; Hibernation, estivation, Migration. It helps in adapting to seasonal variation. A large number of animals reproduce once in an year.

3.Circatidal Rhythm: These are the periodic cycle between high tide and low tide. eg; Opening of oyster shell valves during high tide and closest during low tide.

4.Circalunar Rhythm: This rhythm is linked to the movement of moon. eg; Palolo worm, Aplysia.

Control of Biological Rhythm:
  1. Exogenous stimuli: Sunlight, temperature, pressure etc.
  2. Endogenous stimuli: Hypothalamus, hormones, genes etc.


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