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  Hazardous waste is any waste material with properties that make it dangerous or capable of having harmful effects on human health or the environment. Hazardous wastes are those that may contain harmful and toxic substances like heavy metals that are generated from Industries, hospitals and even some types of domestic waste. The concern towards hazardous waste management was stimulated by undesired massive health effects that were noticed in the neighborhood of Niagara Falls in New York State in the United States in the 1970s. These wastes could be corrosive, inflammable, explosive, or react when exposed to other materials. Some hazardous wastes are highly toxic to the environment including humans, animals, and plants. It comprises the waste generated during the manufacturing processes of the commercial products such as industries involved in petroleum refining, production of pharmaceuticals, petroleum, paint, aluminum, electronic products etc. Hazardous Waste managem...

Nitrogen is an essential constituent of proteins, which are the building blocks of all the living beings. Our atmosphere contains 78% of Nitrogen but it can not be used directly by the majority of living organisms.  There are Five main processes on the basis of which the entire nitrogen cycle can be explained. 1.Nitrogen Fixation : This process involves conversion of gaseous nitrogen into ammonia or nitrates which can be used by plants. It involves the following two steps: a.) Activation: activation of nitrogen requires 169kcal of energy fixation of each mol of nitrogen(28g) & the molecular nitrogen is converted into atomic nitrogen.          N^2---> 2N b.) Fixation : Activated nitrogen combines with hydrogen to from ammonia. In this step per mol synthesis of ammonia liberates 13kcal of energy. 2N+3H^2------> 2NH^3 Atmospheric nitrogen can be fixed to converted to biologically usable form: 1.Atmospheric Fixation:  Lightening, combustion...