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What is Acid Rain? Acid rain is a type of precipitation that contains high levels of sulfuric and nitric acid , which can harm the environment, infrastructure, and human health. It is formed when pollutants in the atmosphere, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) , combine with water and oxygen to produce acidic compounds. Causes of Acid Rain 1. Burning of Fossil Fuels: The burning of coal, oil, and gas for energy releases SO2 and NOx into the atmosphere. 2. Industrial Processes : Industrial processes, such as smelting and refining metals, also release SO2 and NOx. 3. Vehicle Emissions : Vehicles emit NOx, which contributes to acid rain. 4. Agricultural Activities: The use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture can lead to the release of NOx. Effects of Acid Rain 1. Environmental Damage : Acid rain can harm trees, plants, and aquatic life by altering the pH of soil and water. 2. Infrastructure Damage: Acid rain can corrode buildings, bridges, and o...

Nitrogen is an essential constituent of proteins, which are the building blocks of all the living beings. Our atmosphere contains 78% of Nitrogen but it can not be used directly by the majority of living organisms.  There are Five main processes on the basis of which the entire nitrogen cycle can be explained. 1.Nitrogen Fixation : This process involves conversion of gaseous nitrogen into ammonia or nitrates which can be used by plants. It involves the following two steps: a.) Activation: activation of nitrogen requires 169kcal of energy fixation of each mol of nitrogen(28g) & the molecular nitrogen is converted into atomic nitrogen.          N^2---> 2N b.) Fixation : Activated nitrogen combines with hydrogen to from ammonia. In this step per mol synthesis of ammonia liberates 13kcal of energy. 2N+3H^2------> 2NH^3 Atmospheric nitrogen can be fixed to converted to biologically usable form: 1.Atmospheric Fixation:  Lightening, combustion...

Macronutrients, as the name suggests, are the nutrients required by the plants in large amounts. These include Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen , are obtained from air and water while the others are obtained from the soil. Macronutrients are the ones required in very small amount by the plants. These include Iron(Fe), Zinc(zn), etc. In addition to these, some elements like silicon, cobalt, selenium & sodium are present which are required by the higher plants.  The elements referred to as macronutrients and micronutrients can be further divided in following categories : • Elements as components of biomolecules & hence are structural elements of the cell. eg; carbon, nitrogen, oxygen etc. • Elements that are component of energy-related chemical compounds in plants like Phosphorus in ATP. • Elements that help inactivation or inhibition of enzymes. eg; Zinc which helps in the activation of alcohol dehydrogenase .  • Elements which alter the water potential  (osmotic potentia...